DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE OF CONTEXTUAL URBAN PLACEMENT HOSPITAL ACCOMMODATION

Abstract

The article raises topical issues of anesthetization and harmonization of domestic healthcare institutions with the architectural, urban planning and natural environment. The main emphasis in the article is made on the regional and contextual design approach to the urban planning of hospitals, associated with the natural landscape and terrain, and also emphasizes the need and appropriateness of the use of individualization of design decisions, the rejection of the traditional typical industrial design of hospitals. In the Soviet period of statehood of Ukraine the formation of a city-planning network of health care institutions was formed, which still functions today without significant changes and necessary modernization. The main feature of the period of formation of the national network of medical institutions is the typical industrial approach to design and construction, which was connected with the need for accelerated pace of providing the population with medical care. Unfortunately, along with the positive effect obtained in the form of a powerful urban network of medical and preventive care facilities, the typical design approach led to the architectural "personification" of the artistic and aesthetic image of numerous medical buildings, which in their essence represented only a "mechanical and functional machine for treatment" of the population. Hospitals, by size of the total area of the premises and the size of the placement area, were mostly concrete anti-human "boxes", which were mechanically placed in an urban environment without taking into account the regional context and understanding of "genius loci". In spite of the general situation in the country, exceptions were made in the design of health care facilities in 1950-1980 − individually designed hospitals, inscribed in an urban context, natural relief and which, with their special architecture, deserve attention. It should be noted that today in the world leading countries in the level of health care development have abandoned the typical design of medical institutions, as evidenced by the numerous design and implemented decisions of medical buildings.