Domain Orientation in the N-Terminal PDZ Tandem from PSD-95 Is Maintained in the Full-Length Protein

Abstract

Tandem PDZ domains have been suggested to form structurally independent supramodules. However, dissimilarity between crystallography and NMR models emphasize their malleable conformation. Studies in full-length scaffold proteins are needed to examine the effect of tertiary interactions within their native context. Using single-molecule fluorescence to characterize the N-terminal PDZ tandem in PSD-95, we provide the first direct evidence that PDZ tandems can be structurally independent within a full-length scaffold protein. Molecular refinement using our data converged on a single structure with an antiparallel alignment of the ligand-binding sites. Devoid of interaction partners, single-molecule conditions captured PSD-95 in its unbound, ground state. Interactions between PDZ domains could not be detected while fluctuation correlation spectroscopy showed that other conformations are dynamically sampled. We conclude that ultra-weak interactions stabilize the conformation providing a "low-relief" energy landscape that allows the domain orientation to be flipped by environmental interactions.