Does Zygomatic Complex Symmetry Differ Between Healthy Individuals and Surgically Treated Patients Using Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Imaging?

Abstract

Reconstruction of symmetry after zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures is essential for esthetic appearance as well as function. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether bony facial symmetry in patients surgically treated for unilateral ZMC fractures via intraoperative imaging differs from that of healthy individuals. Retrospective and cross-sectional radiographic measurements of patients treated for unilateral ZMC fractures via intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed to evaluate the postoperative ZMC symmetry. The same number of healthy individuals without any history of midfacial trauma matched for age and gender served as the control group. Asymmetry of the ZMC was determined by measuring bilateral differences in the malar eminence position on CBCT. In addition, demographic statistics, etiology, and fracture type were analyzed. Analysis of 57 surgically treated patients and 57 healthy individuals with a mean age of 29years was performed. No significant difference in the symmetry of the malar eminence position was observed between healthy individuals and patients treated for a unilateral ZMC fracture (P=.890). In one third of patients, corrections were needed after intraoperative CBCT control. The results of this study indicate that, on average, a ZMC asymmetry of 1.6mm is observed in healthy individuals. Furthermore, the use of intraoperative CBCT for the treatment of dislocated ZMC fractures helps to achieve precise anatomic, symmetrical repositioning and is suggested to improve the quality of care.