Does UV-B influence biomass growth in lichens deficient in sun-screening pigments?

Abstract

This study aimed to assess biomass growth as a response variable in lichens during short-term laboratory experiments. To do this, we studied the influence of UV-B and temperature on lichen performance including the synthesis of solar radiation screening cortical compounds. The pioneer lichen Xanthoria aureola from exposed sea cliffs and the old forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria were cultivated for 15 days in the laboratory in a factorial experiments with temperature (12 and 21 °C) and UV-B (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 W m −2) as treatments. Prior to the experiment, the cortical pigment parietin was non-destructively extracted from X. aureola, whereas the sampled shade-adapted thalli of L. pulmonaria lacked cortical melanic compounds. Therefore both lichens were deficient in cortical sun-screening compounds when the UV-B exposure started. At 12 °C, the relative growth rate was 7.2 ± 0.6 and 3.0 ± 0.8 mg g −1 day −1 in L. pulmonaria and X. aureola, respectively, reduced to 1.8 ± 0.5 and −2.6 ± 0.9 mg g −1 day −1, at 21 °C. These figures showed that lichen growth is a useful response variable in short-term laboratory experiments. Growth was not influenced by UV-B alone in these pigment-deficient transplants, suggesting that UV-B had little adverse effects on either of the lichen bionts. The cortical sun screens (parietin and melanic compounds) were synthesized in the presence of UV-B, and increased statistically significantly with increasing UV-B at both cultivation temperatures. However, in X. aureola the synthesis was highest at the lowest temperature (12 °C). At 12 °C, changes in chlorophylls, F v/ F m and NPQ during cultivation were consistent with a substantial level of acclimation to the growth chamber conditions for both species, whereas strong reductions in photosynthetic pigments, F v/ F m and Ф II at 21 °C indicated serious damage and chlorophyll degradation at high temperature. In conclusion, lichen growth and the synthesis of protective compounds are highly responsive lichen processes in short-term experiments.