Does type 2 diabetic osteoporotic patients present more periodontal risks than non-osteoporotic patients? An evaluation with mandibular cortical index (Klemetti)

Abstract

Aim: This study aim was to evaluate if patients with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis have an increased risk of periodontal disease (horizontal and vertical bone loss) when compared to diabetic patients without osteoporosis. Additionally, to assess if patients with diabetes and osteoporosis have a greater risk of reduction of bone mineral density in the mandible, expressed by mandibular cortical index (MCI) when compared to diabetic patients without osteoporosis. Methods: 59 patients (39 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis; 20 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without osteoporosis) were selected. Type 2 diabetes was previously diagnosed by glycated hemoglobin examination and osteoporosis by peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mandibular cortical index, as well as the presence of vertical and horizontal bone loss was verified on panoramic radiographs. Adjusted odds ratio analyses were performed on presence of periodontal disease and MCI considering the effect of osteoporosis. Results: Absence of statistical significance between variables was found. Conclusions: There is no difference between the risk of periodontal disease or low MCI among osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic type 2 diabetic patients.