Abstract
Problem Statement: Many morphological characteristics, both physical and chemical, are used in the defense against herbivores on plants. Trichomes are structures used by plants as physics defense and when associated with glands combine physics and chemistry defense. Many species of ants are herbivores and use leaves and seeds, others ants use Extra Floral Nectars as a food resource, and the majority of the species are predators of other ants and other insects, and use plants as foraging substrate in search of prey. Likewise, on the assumption that ants feed preferentially in plants free of trichomes, we tested the hypothesis that trichomes plants clouded locomotion of ants. Approach: Experiments were carried out in the field using cotton to mimic the plants surface. Thirty traps for the treatment were assembled with cotton as well as other 30 experiments for the control (treatment without cotton). Each trap consisted of Petri dishes of 14,5 cm diameter with bait (sardine and honey) in a disc (3 cm diameter) in the center of the plate. Around the bait, 10 grams of cotton prepared uniformly were placed. Furthermore, morphometric analysis on the length of body and legs of ants was performed. Results: The number of ants which accessed baits in the center of Petri dishes in treatment with cotton was not statistically different of the number of accesses in the control treatment without cotton. The trichomes do not cloud locomotion of ants and that leg length is equal to or greater than body length. Conclusions/Recommendations: Data revealed that the trichomes do not cloud locomotion of ants; this allows the free walking of ants on the plants surface. However, glandular trichomes that combine physics and chemistry defense with release toxic and adhesives compounds when mechanically stressed may be more efficient in the defense against these insects.
Highlights
Throughout its history plants have developed different evolutionary techniques for protection against most of several predators, in particular insects
The fitted models composed the numbers of species that accessed the bait for two treatments and compared with the fixed model, without interaction, through analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Poisson errors adjusted due over dispersion
The leg length of genus Crematogaster is larger than half of the body length
Summary
Throughout its history plants have developed different evolutionary techniques for protection against most of several predators, in particular insects. These animals are the most abundant in kind than any other class of organism and more than 400.000 species of insects are herbivores[1]. Various characteristics such as morphological, physics and chemical interfere directly or indirectly on insects, producing adverse effects on their behavior and biology[2]. Among the chemical defense mechanisms against herbivores we may highlight toxic compounds of secondary metabolites of plants which can act as repellents or even affect the physiology of herbivore insects. Trichomes are structures of the epidermis of the plant which may be simple, formed by only one cell, or, multicelular[4]
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