Abstract
Abstract Gender stereotyping remains a pervasive issue in society. Gender stereotypes are cognitive structures containing socially shared knowledge and expectations about women and men. Research has found that the dimensions evaluation (sweetheart vs. bitch) and traditionality (businessman vs. stay-at-home dad) have high explanatory power for identifying gender stereotypes. As a pilot study, the current paper investigates the traditionality and evaluation perceptions of expressions for women and men in English and Spanish, analysing them in the framework of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory. In an online questionnaire, university students in London and Madrid rated 20 expressions for women (e.g. Eng. bitch, Spa. princesa) and men (e.g. Eng. player, Spa. cabrón), previously produced by themselves in single brainstorming sessions. The results indicate the existence of gender stereotypes, especially regarding promiscuity, and a correlation between traditionality and evaluation. Surprisingly and contrary to previous research, female participants produce more promiscuous subtypes than male participants.
Highlights
Gender stereotyping remains a pervasive issue in society
The tendencies regarding the production of tokens conform to results obtained in other studies: Female participants tend to generate a bigger number of subtypes than men (Vonk & Olde-Monnikhof, 1998, p. 41)
It might indicate that young women are becoming more open about casual sex and are rejecting the sexual double standard
Summary
Gender stereotyping remains a pervasive issue in society. Gender stereotypes are cognitive structures containing socially shared knowledge and expectations about characteristics of women and men While they overemphasize alleged differences between women and men regarding personality traits, capabilities and interests, they ignore actual variation. Women show greater communality, while men show greater agency When due to gender stereotypes, people are discriminated against and limited in their personal developments, achievements or life choices, sexism arises The omnipresent inequality issue of the gender pay gap is a well-known example of that
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