Abstract
Vertebral immunity can be broadly classified into adaptive and innate immunity .Innate immunity is the first line of defense. Adaptive immunity are regulated by clonally distributed B and T lymphocytes and are characterized by specificity and memory .Innate immunity works through toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize the molecular patterns on virulent bacteria known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMP). The periodontium is constantly exposed to microorganisms which inturn stimulates the innate immune sytem. The toll like receptors present on gingival epithelial cells are continuously stimulated, resulting in production of cytokines and defensins that help to maintain oral health. If the epithelial barrier is breached, allowing invasion of bacteria into the underlying connective tissue, the TLRs on other resident and non-resident cells of the periodontium become activated. This leads to an exaggerated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other biological mediators, which may cause host tissue destruction. The present review examines the role of TLRs and their signaling in periodontal health and disease
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