Does the zona pellucida select spermatozoa from the medium with higher fertilizing potential?

Abstract

The present study was carried out to test whether the zona pellucida selects spermatozoa with higher fertilization potential. Fertilization rates of mouse oocytes after sperm microinjection under the zona pellucida (SMUZ) of zona-bound spermatozoa and of spermatozoa incubated in the absence of oocytes and treated (acid-treated group) or not (control group) with acid Tyrode's solution were compared. SMUZ was performed at 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after the insemination of fresh oocytes required for selecting spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida. At these times, the percentages of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa (PARS) were evaluated using the chlortetracycline fluorescence method. Fertilization rate in the three groups analysed increased from 25.9% to 47.3% in the control group, from 29.3% to 44.0% in the acid-treated group, and from 19.5% to 40.0% in the zona-bound group from 15 to 90 min after insemination, respectively. The global fertilization potential was significantly lower in the zona-bound group compared to the other two groups. The PARS in the zona-bound group at 15 (11.48 +/- 3.02), 30 (16.74 +/- 3.71), and 90 (19.68 +/- 3.68) min after insemination were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those found in the acid-treated group (39.26 +/- 6.69, 38.20 +/- 6.24, and 42.83 +/- 5.39, respectively). At 90 min after insemination, the PARS in the zona-bound group was also significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control group (36.72 +/- 4.51). No significant correlation between either time and PARS or PARS and fertilization rate was observed. It appears that the zona pellucida does not select from the medium spermatozoa with higher fertilization potential.