Does the surgical approach in one stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty affect blood loss?

Abstract

It is not clear whether type of surgical approach affects the amount of blood loss in one-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study therefore aims to examine if type of surgical approach can affect peri-operative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing one-stage bilateral THA. Records of 319 patients who underwent one-stage bilateral THA from January 2004 to June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: direct anterior (DA) approach (75 patients) and direct lateral (DL) approach (244 patients). Blood loss was calculated using a previously validated formula. Blood loss and need for allogeneic blood transfusion were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the effects of using cell saver and surgical approach were evaluated in a multivariate analysis. Compared to the DL approach, calculated blood loss was significantly lower in the DA group (2,813.90 ± 804.13 ml vs 3,617.03 ± 1,148.47 ml) and a significantly lower per cent of patients needed allogeneic blood transfusion in the DA group (26.6 vs 52.4%). Intra-operative cell saver was used in 36 patients. Compared to the non-cell saver group, mean blood loss was significantly higher in the cell saver group (4,061.0 ± 1,285.55 ml vs 3,347.71 ± 1,083.85 ml), whereas the difference between the two groups regarding allogeneic blood transfusion was not statistically significant. The DA approach was an independent predictor of lower peri-operative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion while using cell saver was not. Our results may be explained by the lower extent of muscular dissection performed in the DA approach. Our findings also indicate that intra-operative cell salvage might not be justified in bilateral THA performed expeditiously.