Abstract
It is argued that the principle of absolute gauge invariance (which implies that the functional manifold of the gauge fields is a “circle,” where the integer-valued Chern-Simons numbers present the same point at the “circle”) provides a natural solution of the CP-problem. It is shown in simple mechanical models that the θ-term being a time derivative of some function does not change the quantum dynamics just as it does not change the classical one. In this context the two-dimensional electrodynamics is also considered.
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