Abstract
BackgroundThere is still considerable debate about the effects of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) an endocrine disrupter at low doses. Recently, many studies using animal models have shown that prenatal BPA exposure induces behavioral and neuronal disorders due to epigenetic changes in the brain. However, striking evidence of epigenomic changes has to be shown.MethodsTo investigate whether low-dose BPA exposure in the fetal stage can alter CpG methylation levels in the central nervous system, the hippocampus of the inbred C57BL/6 J mouse as the target tissue was collected to detect alterations in CpG methylation levels using a highly sensitive method of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, methylated site display–amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP).ResultsBPA showed the sex-hormone like effects on male reproductive organs. Although we examined the methylation levels of 43,840 CpG sites in the control and BPA (200 μg/kg/day)-treated group (6 mice per group), we found no statistically significant changes in methylation levels in any CpG sites.ConclusionsAt least under the experimental condition in this study, it is considered that the effect of low-dose BPA exposure during the fetal stage on hippocampal DNA methylation levels is extremely small.
Highlights
There is still considerable debate about the effects of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) an endocrine disrupter at low doses
Reproductive outcome Prenatal BPA exposure did not significantly affect litter size or sex ratio compared with controls (Additional file 1: Table S1)
The BPA-exposed group showed no effect on body weight or anogenital distance (AGD) from birth to PND 49 (Additional file 1: Figure S1)
Summary
There is still considerable debate about the effects of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) an endocrine disrupter at low doses. Many studies using animal models have shown that prenatal BPA exposure induces behavioral and neuronal disorders due to epigenetic changes in the brain. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, has still been the focus of attention of scientists in the field of environmental health since the last century. Aiba et al Genes and Environment (2018) 40:12 diet throughout the experiments [14, 15] These inconsistent conclusions brought the story of BPA into complex. With the focus of studies shifting away from reproductive toxicity, a number of studies started to show that low-dose BPA exposure in the perinatal period affected behavioral and brain development [16,17,18]. BPA was found to decreased hippocampal spine number as induced by estrogen in the African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) [19], inhibit acetylcholine production in mice [20], and reduce the spine density in the mouse CA1 region [21], suggesting that perinatal BPA exposure may cause developmental disturbance
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