Abstract
Background Studies in developed countries have revealed an association of different magnitudes between watching television and the risk of being overweight and obese among reproductive age women. Even so, there is no evidence of such an association in the context of the Ethiopian population. Hence, the study aimed to assess the association between watching television with overweight and obesity in a nationally representative sample of Ethiopian women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by using secondary data analysis from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey among women aged from 15 to 49 years. The samples were selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 10,074 women were included in the analysis. The outcome variables were both overweight and obesity, whereas the main exposure variable was the frequency of watching television. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for adjusting potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was used to declare a statistically significant association. Results The study found that watching television at least once a week was significantly associated with both overweight (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.20–2.73) and obesity (AOR: 3.76; 95% CI: 2.04–6.95). The study also divulged that the odds of overweight were higher among women aged 25–39 years (AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.25–3.77) and 40–49 years (AOR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.45–5.00), urban residents (AOR: 1.76; 95% CI:1.17–2.65), attended higher education (AOR:2.11; 95% CI: 1.22–3.65), and richest in the wealth index (AOR: 2.83; 95% CI:1.71–4.68). Similarly, the odds of obesity were higher among women aged 25–39 years and 40–49 years, attended higher education, and the richest in wealth index. Conclusions The results from this study demonstrated that watching television at least once a week is associated with obesity among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. Therefore, a social behavioral change communication campaign needs to be taken to improve awareness regarding the harmful consequences of watching television for long hours. Further research studies should be conducted among men and adolescents to determine whether this positive association exists among that target population as well.
Highlights
Studies in developed countries have revealed an association of different magnitudes between watching television and the risk of being overweight and obese among reproductive age women
Journal of Obesity e association between watching television with overweight and obesity was evidenced by a different explanation such as hours spent in front of the television, decrease in the physical activity [13], a television-based food advertising influencing what and how people eat [14], and watching television leads to mindless eating or a lack of attention paid to consume due to external cues in the environment [15]
Since Ethiopia has nine regional states and two city administrations, stratification was done by separating each structural division into urban and rural areas, except Addis Ababa. erefore, a total of 23 sampling strata have been created. en, each stratum was again further divided into enumeration areas (EAs) or clusters prepared by the 2007 Population and Housing Census as a sampling frame
Summary
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Various studies in different countries showed that watching television frequently was associated with overweight and obesity among reproductive aged women [21,22,23,24]. A previous study, which was conducted in Ethiopia, on the determinant of obesity and overweight among women [25] faced two drawbacks; first, the study was conducted without excluding women who gave birth in the last 2 months, which overestimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity as evidence showed that postpartum body weight is influenced by gestational weight gain and lactation [26, 27]. Both overweight and obesity were analyzed as one outcome, merged during their analysis, which leads to misclassification of the outcomes. erefore, the current study endeavored to fill this dearth by investigating whether there is an association between the frequency of watching television with overweight and obesity among reproductive age women
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