Does the false-negative rate for 1 or 2 negative sentinel nodes after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy translate into a high local recurrence rate?

Abstract

Prospective trials demonstrate that sentinel node (SN) biopsy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has a significant false-negative rate (FNR) when only 1 or 2 SNs are removed. It is unknown whether this increased FNR correlates with an elevated risk of recurrence. Tumor Registry data at an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center were reviewed from 2004 to 2018 for patients having a negative SN biopsy after NACT. Among 190 patients with histologically negative nodes after NACT having 1 (n=42), 2 (n=46), and ≥3 (n=102) SNs, axillary recurrences occurred in 7.14%, 0%, and 1.96% (p=0.09), breast recurrences occurred in 2.38%, 6.52%, and 0.98% (p=0.12), and distance recurrences occurred in 16.67%, 8.70%, and 7.84% (p=0.27), respectively. Time to first recurrence did not differ by SN count (p=0.41). After adjustment for age, race, clinical stage, and receptor status, there were no differences in the rates of axillary (p=0.26), breast (p=0.44), or distance recurrence (p=0.24) by numbers of SNs harvested. Median follow-up was 46.8months. Despite higher post-NACT FNRs reported in randomized trials for patients having <3 sentinel nodes, recurrence rates were not significantly different for 1 versus 2 versus ≥3 SNs. This suggests that patients having 1 or 2 post-NACT SNs identified may not necessitate axillary dissection.