Abstract
PurposeLongitudinal studies have suggested a causal relationship between disability acquisition and mental health, but there is substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effect. Previous studies have provided evidence that socioeconomic characteristics can buffer the effect but have not examined the role of employment characteristics.MethodsWe used data from 17 annual waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to compare the mental health of working age individuals before and after disability acquisition, using the Mental Health Inventory, a subscale of the SF-36 health questionnaire. Linear fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the effect of disability acquisition on mental health. We tested for effect modification by two characteristics of people’s employment prior to disability acquisition: occupational skill level and contract type. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to handle missing data.ResultsDisability acquisition was associated with a substantial decline in mental health score (estimated mean difference: − 4.3, 95% CI − 5.0, − 3.5). There was evidence of effect modification by occupational skill level, with the largest effects seen for those in low-skilled jobs (− 6.1, 95% CI − 7.6, − 4.5), but not for contract type.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need for social and health policies that focus on increasing employment rates, improving the sustainability of employment, and providing employment services and education and training opportunities for people who acquire a disability, particularly for people in low-skilled occupations, to reduce the mental health inequalities experienced by people with disabilities.
Highlights
It is estimated that 15% of the population currently live with a disability [1]
Social factors and socioeconomic inequalities are likely to affect how a health condition or impairment impacts on people’s functioning and restrictions to participation in society. This highlights the importance of examining the interaction between disability and social factors when examining mental health effects associated with disability acquisition
Missing observations were more common for people who were younger, male, born outside of Australia, not in a relationship, with poorer mental health, and those who experienced socioeconomic disadvantage, including low education, low income and low skilled jobs
Summary
It is estimated that 15% of the population currently live with a disability [1]. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, disability results from the interaction between people’s health conditions, individual characteristics and social factors [14]. Conceived in this way, social factors and socioeconomic inequalities are likely to affect how a health condition or impairment impacts on people’s functioning and restrictions to participation in society. Social factors and socioeconomic inequalities are likely to affect how a health condition or impairment impacts on people’s functioning and restrictions to participation in society This highlights the importance of examining the interaction between disability and social factors when examining mental health effects associated with disability acquisition
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