DOES THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM EXIST IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AFTER AN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT?

Dyah Maya Nihayah,Evi Gravitiani,Siti Aisyah Tri Rahayu

doi:10.32479/ijeep.11514

Abstract

The Kyoto Protocol is a key document on climate change agreements by the United Nations Framework on Climate Change. The latest commitments agreed in 2012. Its agreed to reduce CO2 emissions by about 20% or less of all global carbon emissions. A strong commitment is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by governments from various countries. This study aims to figure out the progress of clean development mechanism of reducing CO2 emissions in the Asia and Middle East Region countries after the Kyoto Protocol Commitment. Variable CO2 emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment, trade activities which covered from 2013 to 2017 were analysed using a panel data model. The alteration after agreement were evaluated using a Klassen Typology. The results show that economic growth and trading activities have a significant effect on clean development mechanism in Asia and the Middle East, but still have differences in the patterns and behavior of each country in implementing commitments to reduce CO2 emissions. Overall, attempts are needed to align economic growth with efforts to reduce emissions so that prudent policies are needed in forming realistic and sustainable mitigation and adaptation steps to address the problem of climate change.Keywords: CO2 emission, clean development mechanism, agreement, Klassen Typology, mitigationJEL Classifications: Q5, Q28, Q54, Q540DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11514

Highlights

The issue of global warming has become an environmental issue that is much discussed because of its complexity
The findings shows that Malaysia, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and India have large intercept values
This paper aims to seek the commitment of developing countries, especially in Asia and the Middle East region, to bring down CO2 emissions following the second Kyoto Protocol

Summary

Introduction

The issue of global warming has become an environmental issue that is much discussed because of its complexity. Global warming occurs due to increased greenhouse gas emissions in the earth’s atmosphere. This greenhouse gas can come from nature itself, and can come from human activities. Consumption and the use of very high technology results in increased concentration of emission in the atmosphere which results in climate change which impacts various sectors on economic development. In economic development or other human anthropogenic activities, it couldn’t be separated from the use of energy resources that produce residues, such as the release of CO2 (CO2 emissions). Based on the International Energy Agency’s Report in July 2020, that the highest record global CO2 emissions reached 33.5

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