Abstract
The main aim of this study is to evaluate the results achieved by implementation of different support policies in form of subsidies for energy efficiency improvements and transition to renewable energy sources. The article compares the energy efficiency measures in district heating systems with other support program. In order to assess the effectiveness of implementation of different renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency projects, the levelized costs of saved energy for different support programs were determined. Authors compared different co-financed projects related to replacement of fossil fuel energy sources in district heating (mainly to biomass) and the installation of new biomass boilers, heat pumps, solar collectors and other local technologies in municipal buildings. Results show that financial support for energy efficiency measures in industrial enterprises and district heating systems has been most cost-effective, mainly due to the low co-financing rate (30%) and the high potential for energy savings in different production processes. Authors have identified the blind-spots within the funding allocation for different municipalities, which is not always dedicated to achieved energy savings.
Highlights
The necessity to increase the energy efficiency and the use of carbon neutral energy sources has been the highlight of political debates for decades
In order to compare the effectiveness of different renewable energy sources (RES) technology implementation and energy efficiency projects in district heating and individual heating, the levelized costs of saved energy (LCSE) and the specific energy costs per funding were determined
The obtained results from the particular analyses shows that the costs of avoided CO2 in case of solar thermal systems are around 435 EUR per tonne, which is lower when comparing to indicated values for solar power technologies from previous analyses in Germany, Spain and Italy
Summary
The necessity to increase the energy efficiency and the use of carbon neutral energy sources has been the highlight of political debates for decades. The development of energy efficient and climate neutral energy sector is related to many different energy efficiency measures in both energy supply, energy transmission and energy consumer side. In order to prioritise possible energy efficiency measures, one can evaluate the technical and economical results, the social and environmental impact and different other aspects [1]. By taking into account the overall social, economic and environmental gains, the international and national support policies are introduced for different measures related to moving toward carbon neutrality. The polluter pays principle is applied by introducing different tax policies on fossil fuel use and emission of other environmental pollution
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