Does temporomandibular disorder correlate with menopausal symptoms?

Abstract

To assess the correlation between menopausal symptoms and pain caused by temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and the impact of sociodemographic factors on the association. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 74 women with TMD symptoms were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 (STRAW + 10) criteria: G1 (n = 25, late menopausal transition), G2 (n = 30, early postmenopause), and G3 (n = 19, late postmenopause). Sociodemographic data were collected, along with data on menopausal symptoms (Blatt-Kupperman menopausal index) and TMD-induced pain (craniomandibular index). Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-squared test and linear correlation tests (Spearman and Pearson). Analysis of the three groups showed that TMD-induced pain was more intense in G1 than in G3 (P = 0.0426, r = 0.2364, r2 = 0.05589), and menopausal symptoms correlated with the intensity of TMD-induced pain (P = 0.0004, r = 0.4020). This correlation was more significant during the late menopausal transition (G1: P = 0.0267, r = 0.4427, r2 = 0.1960). In G2, women with fewer than 4 years of schooling had a higher total Blatt- Kupperman menopausal index score (17.0 ± 85.0) and craniomandibular index (0.29 ± 0.23) than women with more than 4 years of schooling (P = 0.02 for both indices). Our results suggest that TMD-induced pain and menopausal symptoms are correlated, and more strongly so in the late menopausal transition. Additionally, sociodemographic factors, such as schooling, have a major influence on symptoms in early postmenopause. Performing the TMD evaluation during the climacteric period may be important.