Abstract
Infective endocarditis continues to be a challenging problem for the clinician given the varied clinical presentations, the options for medical management, and the complexities regarding the need for and timing of surgical management. The in-hospital mortality rate for infective endocarditis remains high at 15% to 20% with a 1-year mortality rate approaching 40%. There has been a trend toward earlier surgical management in appropriate candidates. The major reasons for early surgery are heart failure, uncontrolled infection, and prevention of embolization.
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