Abstract
The growth of vehicle and road traffic congestion is characteristics of urbanization and urban city and indicators of urban life in developing countries. In Nepal, non-economic factors and non-state factors have accelerated unexpectedly and haphazardly urbanization process, although the country was reengineered into seven provincial federal structure. In this backdrop, this paper empirically examines the growth of traffic congestion and its impact on urban households and livelihood based on 160 vehicle owners and users’ survey at six major traffic routes of two urban cities by applying mixed analytical methods (qualitative cum quantitative), descriptive statistics and multiple regression model. The descriptive statistics result of the study reveals nearly 94 percent acceptance level of vehicle owners and users about the growth of traffic congestion. Despite short distances of the road i.e. 2-4 kilometers and vehicle efficiency, the growth of traffic congestion increases 14036-liters fuel additional consumption. Per month, additional cost of fuel is estimated at 18,808 US dollars for a sum of distance i.e. 72,992 km between residence location and workplace each month. In the case of commuters, the estimation result of the study is 1188 hours of additional time loss with 6706 US dollars’ worth per month. The estimation of total economic loss is 25514 US dollars per month. Specifically, per month, economic loss of doctors and taxi drivers is 6556 US dollars but teachers and bankers have not economic loss.
Highlights
In the 21st century, the growth of traffic congestion has become a big issue in the world, in big and small cities, despite the achievement of advanced technology and the new innovative context of the fourth industrial revolution and smart city
And empirically, better roads and the growth of traffic congestion have a negative correlation, the growth of traffic congestion exists in the case of better roads
The descriptive result is of the status of non-traffic congestion and traffic congestion from time and route
Summary
In the 21st century, the growth of traffic congestion has become a big issue in the world, in big and small cities, despite the achievement of advanced technology and the new innovative context of the fourth industrial revolution and smart city. World Economic Forum mentioned huge economic value of traffic congestion accounting time loss value and marginal change of additional fuel consumption of vehicles across the world including big and small cities. In 2013, economic cost of the traffic congestion was 300 billion USD to UK. Developed and developing countries have been suffering from the economic loss of traffic congestion Likewise, this issue has social costs to vehicle users and owners. Mao et al (2012) in their paper, the social cost of Traffic Congestion and Countermeasures in Beijing mentioned its social cost to only time delay. It pointed out that traffic congestion has three prime effects They increase travel time, vehicle operating cost, and volume of emissions from vehicles. The growth of urbanization and the urban population drive to critical to traffic congestion in
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