DOES RESIN TAPPING AFFECT THE TAPERING AND ACCUMULATION OF MERCHANTABLE TIMBER VOLUME IN PINE TREES?

Abstract

Form factors and taper functions are used for the quantitative and qualitative description of tree stem shape. In southeastern Mexico, there are plantations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénécl.) W.H. Barrett & Golfari, Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm., and hybrids between these species to simultaneously produce resin and wood. Farmers need to know whether the practice of resin tapping to death has a negative impact on tree shape and volume of the wood produced. To answer these questions, this study compared the shape, taper, and volume of resin-tapped and untapped trees from three P. caribaea origins. A total of 198 trees (99 resin-tapped and 99 untapped) were measured in all diameter categories of the plantation. Total volume models, along with a compatible taper system and variable merchantable timber volume, were fitted using linear and nonlinear regression analyses. To compensate for the lack of initial tree size data prior to tapping, indicator variables (dummies) and an additive structure were used to parameterize volume and taper models. Untapped trees accumulated greater volume than tapped trees. In contrast, the form factor (ff) of resin-tapped trees (ff = 0.51) was greater than that of untapped trees (ff = 0.45). The form factor increased due to tapping between 4 and 7 % depending on the origin, although the hybrid P. caribaea × P. elliottii presented the most desirable stem geometry in tapped and untapped trees. Based on the Demaerschalk model, the variability is estimated at 99 and 97 % of the merchantable and taper volumes, respectively.