Does PLEX® Elite 9000 OCT Identify and Characterize Most Posterior Pole Lesions in Highly Myopic Patients?

Abstract

High myopia (HM) is defined as an axial length (AL) ≥ 26 mm that may result in various pathologies that constitute pathologic myopia (PM). The PLEX® Elite 9000 (Carl Zeiss AC, Jena, Germany) is a new swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) underdevelopment that allows wider, deeper and more detailed posterior-segment visualization; it can acquire ultra-wide OCT angiography (OCTA) or new ultra-wide high-density scans in one image. We assessed the technology's ability to identify/characterize/quantify staphylomas and posterior pole lesions or image biomarkers in highly myopic Spanish patients and estimate the technology's potential to detect macular pathology. The instrument acquired 6 × 6 OCTA, 12 × 12 or 6 × 6 OCT cubes, and at least two high-definition spotlight single scans. A hundred consecutive patients (179 eyes; age, 51.4 ± 16.8 years; AL, 28.8 ± 2.33 mm) were recruited in one center for this prospective observational study. Six eyes were excluded because images were not acquired. The most common alterations were perforating scleral vessels (88.8%), classifiable staphyloma (68.7%), vascular folds (43%), extrafoveal retinoschisis (24%), dome-shaped macula (15.6%), and more uncommonly, scleral dehiscence (4.46%), intrachoroidal cavitation (3.35%), and macular pit (2.2%). The retinal thickness of these patients decreased, and the foveal avascular zone increased in the superficial plexus compared with normal eyes. SS-OCT is a novel potent tool that can detect most main posterior pole complications in PM and may provide us with a better understanding of the associated pathologies; some pathologies were identifiable only with this new kind of equipment, such as perforating scleral vessels, which seem to be the most common finding and not so frequently related to choroidal neovascularization, as previously reported.