Abstract
Gut microbiota, a major contributor to human health, is influenced by physical activity and diet, and displays a functional cross-talk with skeletal muscle. Conversely, few data are available on the impact of hypoactivity, although sedentary lifestyles are widespread and associated with negative health and socio-economic impacts. The study aim was to determine the effect of Dry Immersion (DI), a severe hypoactivity model, on the human gut microbiota composition. Stool samples were collected from 14 healthy men before and after 5 days of DI to determine the gut microbiota taxonomic profiles by 16S metagenomic sequencing in strictly controlled dietary conditions. The α and β diversities indices were unchanged. However, the operational taxonomic units associated with the Clostridiales order and the Lachnospiraceae family, belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, were significantly increased after DI. Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid metabolized by skeletal muscle, was significantly reduced in post-DI stool samples. The finding that intestine bacteria are sensitive to hypoactivity raises questions about their impact and role in chronic sedentary lifestyles.
Highlights
The human intestine houses 100 trillion bacteria, referred to as gut microbiota
The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) analysis (Table 2) showed that the whole body and leg lean masses significantly decreased between BDC-4 and Dry Immersion (DI)-5 (−2.5%, p < 0.001; and −2.9%, p < 0.001, respectively), confirming the induction of muscle atrophy by 5 days of DI
Our results showed that a short period of severe hypoactivity, which is enough to
Summary
The human intestine houses 100 trillion bacteria, referred to as gut microbiota. These rich and diverse bacterial communities live in symbiosis with the host and play a key role in human health [1]. The gut microbiota composition is influenced by various factors, such as birth mode, living environment, diet, and antibiotic intake. Athletes display a specific gut microbiota composition. Besides the intense physical activity, the dietary intake patterns of athletes are different from those of sedentary subjects [6] and this might influence their gut microbiota composition [7,8]
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