Abstract
OPINION article Front. Microbiol., 04 February 2021Sec. Microbial Immunology Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.589165
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Microbial Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
The term “mycobacteriome” was coined associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), defined by the authors as “non-tuberculous mycobacteriome” (Macovei et al, 2015), but considering the presence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) decades after vaccination (Armbruster et al, 1990; Van Deutekom et al, 1996; Talbot et al, 1997) and the evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in healthy individuals [latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)] (BarriosPayán et al, 2012; Mayito et al, 2019; Mehaffy et al, 2020), we consider that the concept of mycobacteriome could be expanded including NTM, BCG, and Mtb
BCG vaccination, the presence of LTBI and environmental NTM, in low- and medium-income countries, such as those that belong to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), may present a distinctive mycobacteriome compared to those of high-income countries
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Microbial Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology. A combination of several factors has been put forward to explain the unexpectedly lower rates of incidence and lethality—non-extensive diagnostic testing, younger age group, host genetic background, SARS-CoV-2 mutations, higher temperature, environmentally less-favorable for viral replication, endemic infections, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy, and microbiome, among others (Fonte et al, 2020; Janda et al, 2020; Khatiwada and Subedi, 2020; Mbow et al, 2020).
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