Abstract
Much of the trading in U.S. equities has moved to off-exchange venues. This study examines the pecking order hypothesis of trade venue selection by analyzing the amount of off-exchange trade volume in periods of uncertainty. During the sample period, there were over two billion shares per day reported to the Nasdaq TRF-Carteret, which maintained more than 29 percent of the total market share of volume in U.S. securities. The TRF-NYSE captures more market share in Nasdaq-listed securities than NYSE-listed stocks. This study also sheds light on the introduction of the Nasdaq TRF-Chicago and its ability to attract volume. Ultimately, there is evidence that the amount of off-exchange volume decreases during periods of heightened volatility. The findings are of interest to market participants, exchange officials, and regulators.
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