Abstract
Reduced exercise capacity, fatigue and breathlessness are the most common symptoms in heart failure (HF) patients [ [1] McMurray J.J. Adamopoulos S. Anker S.D. et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2012; 14: 803-869 Crossref PubMed Scopus (68) Google Scholar ]. The mechanism responsible for the development of these symptoms is not fully understood, however the most important factors involved are: decreased peripheral circulatory perfusion with reduced oxygen delivery and impaired peripheral muscle strength and oxygen utilization due to iron deficiency [ 2 Jankowska E.A. von Haehling S. Anker S.D. Macdougall I.C. Ponikowski P. Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives. Eur. Heart J. 2013; 34: 816-829 Crossref PubMed Scopus (252) Google Scholar , 3 von Haehling S. Steinbeck L. Doehner W. Springer J. Anker S.D. Muscle wasting in heart failure: An overview. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2013; 45: 2257-2265 Crossref PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar , 4 Ventura-Clapier R. Exercise training, energy metabolism, and heart failure. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2009; 34: 336-339 Crossref PubMed Scopus (32) Google Scholar ]. Iron as a component of many enzymes (including oxidative and respiratory chains) participating in crucial biological events, in muscles, plays a key role in oxygen uptake, transport, and storage, as well as oxidative metabolism, catalysis and energy production [ 5 Palus S. von Haehling S. Springer J. Muscle wasting: an overview of recent developments in basic research. Int. J. Cardiol. 2014; 176: 640-644 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 6 Ingwall J.S. Energy metabolism in heart failure and remodelling. Cardiovasc. Res. 2009; 81: 412-419 Crossref PubMed Scopus (339) Google Scholar ]. Targeting these abnormalities by the correction of iron deficiency (with or without anemia) with intravenous iron brings a functional benefit to such patients [ 7 Anker S.D. Colet J.C. Filippatos G. et al. Rationale and design of Ferinject assessment in patients with IRon deficiency and chronic Heart Failure (FAIR-HF) study: a randomized, placebo-controlled study of intravenous iron supplementation in patients with and without anaemia. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2009; 11: 1084-1091 Crossref PubMed Scopus (86) Google Scholar , 8 Ponikowski P. van Veldhuisen D.J. Comin-Colet J. et al. Beneficial effects of long-term intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose in patients with symptomatic heart failure and iron deficiencydagger. Eur. Heart J. 2014; 36: 657-668 Crossref PubMed Scopus (656) Google Scholar ]. Role of quantitative myocardial-iron in hemodialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease subjectsInternational Journal of CardiologyVol. 256PreviewFirst of all, I'd like to thank Leszek et al. for putting light on such a promising topic on myocardial-iron load and severity of heart insufficiency [1]. Full-Text PDF
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
