Abstract
Abstract Knowledge about the nutritional balance at the initial phenological stage is mandatory to overcome limitations on nutritional availabilities required by the plant species. However, little is elucidated about nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) deprivation stress. Our hypothesis tested is that there are benefits of the foliar application (spray) of molybdenum (Mo) and cobalt (Co) under different availabilities (ionic strength, IS) from the presence of nitric sources (CaNO32-) and absence of ammonium (NH4H2PO4) in root application (hydroponic cultivation) at the initial phenological growth stage. Nutrient supply was carried out with a nutrient solution, which is deprived of NH4+. Treatments were 25%, 50%, and 100% IS, supplied via hydroponic cultivation, combined with the absence/presence of Co/Mo spray. Plants were randomly distributed into 17 blocks (replicates) with 6 treatments conducted in a factorial scheme and data were analyzed by ANOVA and ANCOVA. We observed that Co/Mo spray diminished plant growth discrepancies between treatments at different IS’s. In addition, contents of photosynthetic pigments were higher at 25% IS without Co/Mo spray. Thus, we concluded that Mo and Co spray can alleviate NO3- starvation/NH4+ deprivation stress during the initial growth phenological stages of yellow passion fruits.
Highlights
Fresh yellow passion fruits [Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener] and derivatives are sources of antioxidants beneficial to human health, which makes this species an economic alternative for small farmers (OLUOCH; NYABOGA; BARGUL, 2018)
At initial phenological growth stages, literature reported that these two forms were both effective N sources for the direct absorption of plants and several hydroponic experiments have investigated of NH4+ and NO3− uptake (HUANG; LI; ZHOU; SUN et al, 2018)
Plant growth and growth analysis Plant height and length measures were affected by NO3− availability and Co and Mo foliar application (Co/Mo spray) at the majority of plant collection times (Table 2, P
Summary
Fresh yellow passion fruits [Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener] and derivatives are sources of antioxidants beneficial to human health, which makes this species an economic alternative for small farmers (OLUOCH; NYABOGA; BARGUL, 2018). Cobalt (Co) is considered a beneficial mineral element for plants, used as cofactor of various enzymes and proteins; scientific reports have pointed to irreversible damage in barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.), such as reduction in cell division, vein discoloration, leaf abscission, abnormal translocation of root-to-leaf nutrients and chloroplast integrity and iron-porphyrin enzyme disorders (LANGE; FAUCON; DELHAYE; HAMITI et al, 2017; SHAHID; DUMAT; KHALID; SCHRECK et al, 2017) This heavy metal, compared to other metals, has been less explored in plant physiology (or physiological) studies. Co influences N (symbiotic) absorption by being a structural part of leghemoglobin synthesis, which determines the activity of nodules in roots (WILSON; NICHOLAS, 1967) In this way, our hypothesis is that there are benefits of the foliar application (spray) of Mo and Co under different availabilities (ionic strength, IS) from a single N (nitric presence CaNO32- / ammonium absence NH4H2PO4) source of root application (hydroponic cultivation) on nutritional balance during the formation of seedling at initial phenological stage. The aims were to reveal if early growth phenological stages respond to Co/Mo spray under the condition of NO3− starvation and NH4+ deprivation and to evaluate the leaf application of mineral elements molybdenum (Mo) and cobalt (Co) in yellow passion fruit cultivated under different availabilities (ionic strength, IS) of Hoagland and Arnon No. nutrient solution mineral
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