Abstract
Biochar amendments have shown great superiority in reduction of heavy metals (HM) toxicity and soil amelioration in severely contaminated mining areas, which suggested to facilitate vegetation rehabilitation using fast-growing trees. Bone biochar (BC) and ball-milled bone biochar (MBC) were fabricated by pyrolyzing bone meal at 600°C followed by eco-friendly wet-milling techniques. The effect of BC and MBC application (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 wt%) on soil properties, plant growth and metal accumulation of Salix jiangsuensis '172' (SJ-172) in multi-metal (Cu, Pb, Cd and Mn)-contaminated acid clay soil was investigated in a 150-day pot experiment. The results showed that BC and MBC considerably improved the survival rate of SJ-172 when the application rate was larger than 1.0%. MBC displayed outstanding performance in reducing HMs bioavailability and improving N and P soil fertility, while BC enhanced the reduction in acidity and increase in K supply. Interestingly, BC enhanced HMs accumulation (Cd 115.23%, Pb 161.82%, Mn 285.23% and 219.29% Cu at 4% application rate) by SJ-172 compared with MBC. Taken together, the good performance of BC in enhancing HMs accumulation in SJ-172 indicated that it is a promising amendment for phytoremediation of clay soils, while MBC can be utilized as an excellent amendment for HMs stabilization.Graphical
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