Does low glycemic index diet superior than routine diet to control blood inflammation state and lipid parameters in patients with coronary artery disease?

Abstract

Abstract Background and aims Low glycemic index diet has been shown several benefits in terms of reduction in atherosclerotic biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective of the study To demonstrate superiority of the low glycemic index diet in patients with CAD in terms of blood inflammation state and lipid parameters. Methods One hundred and sixty patients aged 38–76 years established with CAD entered as 12 week dietary intervention either with low glycemic index (n=80) or routine diet (n=80) together with standard therapy from 2016 to 2019 (male=48%; 58.2±12.0 years). Laboratory (including hs-CRP, pro-inflammatory interleukins, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid parameters TC, TG, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol) and instrumental data were obtained at baseline and in 12 weeks of the intervention. Results There were no statistically differences in biochemical data between two groups at their baseline characteristics. Low glycemic index diet positively influenced on hs-CRP (from 252.4±40.6 mg/dL to 161.9±28.5 mg/dL vs. from 237.8±35.6 mg/dL to 202.4±23.8 mg/dL; P<0.05), HbA1c (from 6.95±1.95% to 4.78±1.18% vs. 6.80±1.65% to 6.25±1.45%; P<0.05), TG (from 5.2±2.2 to 3.1±1.8 vs. from 5.8±2.8 to 4.9±2.0, P<0.05), TNF-α (from 1.48±0.91 to 0.88±0.19 vs. from 1.55±1.35 to 1.12±0.35, P<0.05), IL-6 (from 8.2 pg/mL to 4.9 pg/mL vs. from 8.2 pg/mL to 4.9 pg/mL, P<0.005) than routine diet. Although reduction in IL-1β were observed in both groups (from 32.5±17.2 pg/ml to 28.9±16.8 pg/ml, P>0.05; vs. 33.6±21.6 pg/ml to 29.8±20.4, P>0.05;), however there were no statistically significant from baseline and between groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Low glycemic index diet demonstrated superiority to routine diet to improve inflammatory state and lipid parameters in patients with CAD. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.