Abstract
There is a lack of studies investigating whether loneliness predicts subsequent use of flu vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to clarify this relationship. Data were drawn from two waves (second wave took place in 2002, third wave took place in 2008) of a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling individuals in Germany. The sample was restricted to individuals ≥60 years for whom flu vaccination is recommended. Loneliness was quantified using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (second wave). Flu vaccination in the past 12 months was assessed (third wave). Consequently, older individuals that participated in the second wave and reported flu vaccination in the third wave were included (n = 970). The other waves (e.g., first wave) were excluded for reasons of data availability. Increased loneliness was associated with subsequent decreased use of the flu vaccine. Moreover, the probability of flu vaccination in the third wave was positively associated with being retired (ref.: employed), having a lower income, and the number of physical illnesses in the second wave. Findings stressed the importance of loneliness in the decreased use of the flu vaccine. Preventing loneliness may also help to increase flu vaccination rates.
Highlights
IntroductionInfluenza (seasonal flu) is an infectious disease that can have severe health consequences, for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, children, and individuals in old age
Influenza is an infectious disease that can have severe health consequences, for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, children, and individuals in old age.Globally, it causes 300,000 to 500,000 deaths per year [1]
As taking a flu shot is recommended, but not compulsory, for certain groups, there are numerous studies that investigate the determinants of flu vaccination, for the risk groups listed above
Summary
Influenza (seasonal flu) is an infectious disease that can have severe health consequences, for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, children, and individuals in old age. It causes 300,000 to 500,000 deaths per year [1]. Vaccination is an effective prevention for seasonal flu. This has been demonstrated among pregnant women and individuals in old age [2]. Vaccination is not compulsory in Germany; the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommends flu vaccination for pregnant women, individuals with certain chronic illnesses, health care workers, individuals residing in nursing homes, and individuals aged 60 and above [3]. Depending on the statutes of their health insurance, flu vaccination is free of charge for other patients
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