Abstract
Background: Few studies have assessed how social norms messages are perceived and understood by adolescents in secondary school. We examined whether the self-reported level of exposure, satisfaction and recall of a social norms intervention had an impact on the preventive effect of the intervention The GOOD Life. Furthermore, we explored which factors were associated with high recall of the intervention.Methods: Data from pupils aged 13–17 years enrolled in a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 18 intervention schools (n = 641) and 20 control schools (n = 714) were analyzed using multilevel regressions. The intervention provided social norms messages through three different communication elements: classroom feedback session, posters, and web-application. At 3-months follow-up, pupils from the intervention schools were asked about their participation in, their satisfaction with and recall of the intervention. The effects were examined on: overestimation of peer drinking, binge drinking (5 or more drinks on one occasion) and alcohol-related harms.Results: Regards the outcome overestimation of peer drinking higher preventive effect sizes were observed for higher levels of exposure, satisfaction, and recall. Regards the outcome alcohol-related harms preventive intervention effects were observed for medium exposure and higher satisfaction. For binge drinking we found no significant effects for any level of exposure, satisfaction, or recall. Higher levels of satisfaction and exposure, and female sex were associated with better recall of the intervention.Conclusion: For higher levels of self-reported exposure, satisfaction, and retention regarding the social norms messages we observed stronger intervention effects regards several outcomes suggesting that these implementation parameters are important for intervention effectiveness.Trial registration: The trial is registered at Current Controlled Trials with study ID ISRCTN27491960.
Highlights
Several programmes have been conducted to prevent alcohol misuse and related harms among adolescents [1, 2]
We examined whether the self-reported level of exposure, satisfaction and recall of a social norms intervention had an impact on the preventive effect of the intervention The GOOD Life
For higher levels of self-reported exposure, satisfaction, and retention regarding the social norms messages we observed stronger intervention effects regards several outcomes suggesting that these implementation parameters are important for intervention effectiveness
Summary
Several programmes have been conducted to prevent alcohol misuse and related harms among adolescents [1, 2]. Prevention programmes based on the social norms approach (SNA) have shown promising results in relation to reduction of alcohol use in educational settings among both younger [7,8,9,10] and older adolescents [11, 12]. These SNA interventions place the focus on the healthy behavior of the majority of the target population, fosters social cohesion and inclusion rather than pinpointing toward adverse, or anti-social behavior. We explored which factors were associated with high recall of the intervention
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