Abstract
Using a comprehensive database of 6,331 firms obtained from 78 countries, this study examines the impact of human capital investment in employee training and development upon the firm financial performance through the research and development intensity of innovation capital. Various analyses were employed, including descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. Study results revealed the partial mediation role of innovation capital upon the relationship between human capital investment and firm performance as measured by accounting-based return on assets. However, the role of innovation capital converted to full mediation when market-based Tobin’s Q was used for the performance measurement.
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