Does incorporation of TiO2 nanotubes in air-abraded high translucent zirconia influence shear bond strength?*

Abstract

The present in vitro study evaluated the effect of titanium nanotubes (nTiO2) application on high translucent zirconia (Copra Supreme, Whitepeaks) on shear bond strength values with different self-adhesive resin cements (Panavia V5, G-Cem One, and Variolink Esthetic DC). One hundred and forty-eight specimens were prepared and randomly divided into four groups (n = 37) according to surface treatment groups (air-abraded sintered zirconia, air-abraded pre-sintered zirconia, application of nTiO2 on zirconia, and application of nTiO2 on air-abraded zirconia). nTiO2 were produced by alkaline hydrothermal synthesis, mixed with isopropyl alcohol (50 wt%), and applied on pre-sintered zirconia. The surface roughness (Ra) was examined. Sintered surfaces were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (Fe-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Surface treatment groups were randomly divided into three subgroups according to self-adhesive resin cement (n = 12). Luting procedures were performed and specimens were stored in water at 21 °C for 6 months before the shear bond strength test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. Fe-Sem images and EDS confirmed the incorporation of nTiO2 on zirconia. Surface treatment methods affected the Ra of zirconia (p < .001). Surface treatment method (p = .013) and self-adhesive resin cement (p < .001) affected shear bond strength values. The lowest shear bond strength values were achieved in applied nTiO2 on high translucent zirconia specimens (p < .05). The lowest shear bond strength values were determined in the Variolink Esthetic DC group (p < .05). Application of nTiO2 on air-abraded high translucent zirconia surface had no significant effect on the shear bond strength (p > .05).