Does IL-17 Play a Role in Hepatic Dysfunction of Scrub Typhus Patients?

Abstract

Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease that is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Although hepatic dysfunction occurred in 77-96.7% of the scrub typhus patients, its mechanism is unknown. IL-17 is a potent proinflammatory cytokine known for its role in several chronic disease conditions. Abundant IL-17 was found in conditions affected by microbial pathogens, including the synovial fluid of patients with Lyme arthritis or Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis, Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa, and listeria infection. It is also suggested as a marker of acute hepatic injury. In our study, we postulated that IL-17 might be a cytokine with a role in hepatic dysfunction in scrub typhus. In September-November 2006, our study involved 43 patients with Boryong-type scrub typhus patients and 40 age- and sex-matched control healthy people. Scrub typhus was confirmed on the basis of immunofluorescence and a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. IL-17 was measured using human IL-17 immunoassay. We gathered the clinical and laboratory data by chart reviews. We used an independent t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and correlation analysis. The IL-17 levels were significantly higher in scrub typhus patients than in the healthy group. Also, the patients with scrub typhus showed significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and lower hemoglobin levels than the healthy group. However, in our correlation analysis, we did not find any correlation between IL-17 and hepatic, kidney, and hemogram panels. The IL-17 level in patients with headaches was higher than in patients without headaches, showing a borderline significance. This suggests that IL-17 level might be a cause of a vasculitis-associated headache. More prospective, large-scale studies are needed about the mechanism of hepatic dysfunction and headaches in scrub typhus patients.