Does Identification With Rwanda Increase Reconciliation Sentiments Between Genocide Survivors and Non-Victims? The Mediating Roles of Perceived Intergroup Similarity and Self-Esteem During Commemorations

Clémentine Kanazayire,Assaad E Azzi,Laurent Licata,Jean Pierre Dusingizemungu,Patricia Mélotte

doi:10.5964/jspp.v2i1.319

Abstract

A questionnaire survey (N = 247) investigated the influence of identification with the Rwandan nation on reconciliation sentiments between members of the survivor and of the non-victim groups of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. Results showed that, whereas the two groups did not differ in their level of identification with the nation, members of the non-victim group were more willing to reconcile than members of the survivor group. Perceived intergroup similarity mediated the effect of national identification on reconciliation sentiment for both groups, but this effect was stronger among non-victims. Finally, self-esteem during commemorations also mediated this effect, but only among non-victims. We discuss the importance of people’s motivation to reconcile with out-group members in post-genocidal contexts in light of the common in-group identity model (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000) as well as the needs-based model of intergroup reconciliation (Nadler & Schnabel, 2008).

Highlights

A questionnaire survey (N = 247) investigated the influence of identification with the Rwandan nation on reconciliation sentiments between members of the survivor and of the non-victim groups of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda
Identification with Rwanda was positively correlated with reconciliation sentiment, and with perception of intergroup similarity in the two groups
Self-esteem during commemorations was positively correlated with Rwandan identification and perception of intergroup similarity in the two groups, and with reconciliation sentiment, but only among non-victims

Summary

Introduction

We discuss the importance of people’s motivation to reconcile with out-group members in post-genocidal contexts in light of the common in-group identity model (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000) as well as the needs-based model of intergroup reconciliation (Nadler & Schnabel, 2008). 191): The foundation of the Rwandan identity can never be reduced to the ethnic particularities of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa. As observed by the Rwandese political scientist Shyaka Through the promotion of confidence among citizens, and by unifying the collective identity perceptions of Rwandans, the Rwandan identity brings to light an ontological essence of the true roots of Rwandans from a shared “organic nation” where commonalities and convergences take precedence over differences and divergences

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Conclusion