Abstract
Background and Aims:This study investigated whether hypoxic preconditioning(HPinduces ischemic tolerance in an established experimental model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion using rats. Methods:Animals were divided into the normoxia(controland HP groups. HP was performed under normobaric conditions (7％ O for 2 hours14 days before focal cerebral ischemia induction. The infarct volume was evaluated by quantitative histopathology. Immunofluorescence analysis was assessed at 24 hours after HP to examine the effect on proliferating cell and microglia/macrophage activation. Brain microvessel density was assessed 14 days after HP. Furthermorethe expression was evaluated of angiogenesis‑related proteins such as hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1αand vascular endothelial growth factor proteins. Results:Hemisphere infarct volume in the HP group was significantly smaller than in the control group. Vascular endothelial growth factor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was not increased after HP. HP tended to increase vessel density relative to the control groupbut this did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion:HP attenuated the infarct volume in rats. The phe‑
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