Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground:Irisin is a recently identified exercise-induced hormone that stimulates the "browning" of the white adipose tissue, at least in mice. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, irisin regulation is not fully understood, and little attention has been given to the effects of exercise on irisin levels in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of high intensity exercise on irisin plasma levels in CKD patients under hemodialysis (HD).Methods:Fifteen HD patients (5 men, 44.4 ± 15.1 years old) were studied and served as their own controls. High intensity (single session) intradialytic strength exercises consisted of three sets of ten repetitions with four different movements in both lower limbs during 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected on different days (exercise and non-exercise day) at exactly the same time (30 and 60 minutes after the start of dialysis session). Plasma irisin levels were measured by ELISA assay and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated.Results:Irisin plasma levels were significantly reduced in both exercise day (125.0 ± 18.5 to 117.4 ± 15.0 ng/mL, p=0.02) and non-exercise day (121.5 ± 13.7 to 115.4 ± 17.2 ng/mL, p=0.02) after 60 minutes of dialysis.Conclusion:These data suggest that intense intradialytic strength exercise was unable to increase the circulating concentration of irisin in HD patients. Moreover, our data show that after one hour of dialysis session, irisin plasma levels may be reduced.
Highlights
It is well known that physical exercise is effective in improving body composition and metabolic health; the underlying mechanisms for its clinical benefits are still unclear.[1,2] Some of the best-recognized effects of exercise on muscle are mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α ) that stimulates the expression of the transmembrane protein fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)
Irisin is a hormone that can bind to undetermined receptors on the surface of cells in adipose tissue, stimulating its “browning” and thermogenesis in mice by increasing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) expression.[3]
Irisin levels were significantly reduced after 60 minutes of HD session in both moments: with 30 minutes of intradialytic strength exercise, from 125.0 ± 18.5 to 117.4 ± 15.0 ng/mL (p=0.02)
Summary
It is well known that physical exercise is effective in improving body composition and metabolic health; the underlying mechanisms for its clinical benefits are still unclear.[1,2] Some of the best-recognized effects of exercise on muscle are mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α ) that stimulates the expression of the transmembrane protein fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). The FNDC5 seems to undergo a proteolytic cleavage, releasing a small fragment called irisin (the remaining 112 amino acid residues) into the blood.[3] Irisin is a hormone that can bind to undetermined receptors on the surface of cells in adipose tissue, stimulating its “browning” and thermogenesis in mice by increasing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) expression.[3] irisin can convert white adipose tissue into “beige adipose tissue”, which is associated to positive effects on health, such as fat mass control, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance improvement, prevention of muscle loss, and reduction of systemic inflammation.[3,4,5] irisin has gained great interest as a potential new target for preventing and treating metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes.[1, 3, 6, 7] some controversies have arisen among recent publications regarding the importance of irisin and/or FNDC5 in humans.[1, 4, 8, 9] Probably, most disagreements might be due to different exercises, their duration, the training status of individuals, and the type of assay for irisin quantification.[10]. Our data show that after one hour of dialysis session, irisin plasma levels may be reduced
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