Does glycogen synthase kinase-3 β signaling pathway has a significant role in date palm pollen cancer therapy?

Abstract

Background and objective Palm pollen (PP) has attracted much attention for its wide applications as an anticancer natural product due to their high phenolic and flavonoid contents. In the current of PP to inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma was assessed in a rat model. Materials and methods First, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to identify the active constituents in PP. Diethyl nitrosamine as a hepatocarcinogenic agent was administered at a dose of 4 gm/kg body weight intraperitoneally for 4 months sequenced by PP treatment orally (200 mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks. Biochemical and molecular analyses were estimated. Results and discussion HPLC analysis showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, quercetin, coumaric acid, caffeine, vanillin, and ferulic acid in PP. Diethyl nitrosamine significantly elevated serum lipid peroxide, nitrite/nitrate levels, and decreased glutathione level. In addition to an obvious alternation of tumor necrosis factor-α1, nuclear factor kappa-β, cellular oncogene-Fos, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β genes expression. Meanwhile, PP improved all the previously deviated biochemical parameters reflecting great antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory index. These findings were confirmed histopathologically.