Abstract
Skeletal muscle has an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Several studies have found that insulin action may be related to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. Aerobic exercises improve both insulin sensitivity and activity of oxidative enzymes in muscle. Individuals having disorders and diseases like insulin resistance, obesity or type 2 diabetes were found to have lower muscle oxidative enzyme activity. Some hypotheses have been developed regarding the hypothesis that insulin infusion stimulates the mitochondrial protein synthesis rate in skeletal muscle. The effects of exercise on mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin sensitivity are summarized and discussed in this review.
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