Abstract
We compared gender disparities in later-life memory, overall and by education, in India and the United States (US). Data (N=7443) were from harmonized cognitive assessment protocols (HCAPs) in the Longitudinal Aging Study of India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD; N=4096; 2017-19) and US Health and Retirement Study HCAP (HRS-HCAP; N=3347; 2016-17). We derived harmonized memory factors from each study using confirmatory factor analysis. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression to compare gender disparities in memory function between countries, overall and by education. In the United States, older women had better memory than older men (0.28 SD-unit difference; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.35). In India, older women had worse memory than older men (-0.15 SD-unit difference; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.10), which attenuated with increasing education and literacy. We observed gender disparities in memory in India that were not present in the United States, and which dissipated with education and literacy.
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