Abstract
Patients suffering from Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are at higher risk of osteoporosis due to lower bone mineral density. Risk factors of osteoporosis are divided into unmodifiable, namely, age, gender, genetic factors, as well as modifiable, including diet, level of physical activity, and the use of stimulants. Coffee and tea contain numerous compounds affecting bone metabolism. Certain substances such as antioxidants may protect bones; other substances may increase bone resorption. Nevertheless, the influence of coffee and tea on the development and course of inflammatory bowel diseases is contradictory.
Highlights
Szymczak-Tomczak, A.; Zawada, A.; The intake of products with caffeine may affect bone metabolism [1], whereas excessive consumption of coffee and tea constitutes a modifiable risk factor of osteoporosis
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)—Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)—has increased in the recent decades
The groups investigating inflammatory bowel diseases or osteoporosis refer to the stimulants discussed in this paper: 1
Summary
Szymczak-Tomczak, A.; Zawada, A.; The intake of products with caffeine may affect bone metabolism [1], whereas excessive consumption of coffee and tea constitutes a modifiable risk factor of osteoporosis. Caffeine may inhibit appetite, increasing the risk of malnutrition among patients suffering from IBD. IBD patients are at an increased risk of low BMD and bone fracture [18]. The caffeine contained in coffee may affect BMD by means of numerous mechanisms, as it increases urinary calcium excretion, inhibits proliferation of osteoblasts and bone healing process leading to an elevated risk of fractures [19,20,21].
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