Does Diffuse Axonal Injury MRI Grade Really Correlate with Functional Outcome?

Abstract

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common form of primary head injury. This study was done to see the association of DAI grades with extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE). We retrospectively reviewed the charts and radiology reports of a cohort of patients discharged with the diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury. We collected data on variables like age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission, grade of DAI, length of hospital stay, and occurrence of post-traumatic seizures. We contacted the patients after 6 months to assess their GOSE. Outcome analysis was done with SPSS version23. For 40 patients, DAI and 6-month GOSE were available for analysis. Mean age was 27.8 years, with male to female ratio of 12:1. There were 8 patients with DAI grade I (20.5%), 13 patients with DAI grade II (33.3%), and 18 patients with DAI grade III (46.2%). Nine of 39 patients (23.07%) had post-traumatic seizures. Mean GCS at admission was 9.67. Mean length of hospital stay was 24.12 days. Mean GOSE after 6 months was 6.10. There were 5 mortalities. Patients with low mean GCS portended significant unfavorable outcome. Higher DAI grades were not associated with unfavorable outcome. Mean GCS at presentation is a better predictor of outcome after DAI rather than its grade.