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Abstract
Background: Since the importance of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has previously been established, the therapeutic effects of various natural antioxidant agents or synthetic drugs have so far been investigated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of curcumin (a natural polyphenol) and metformin (a common therapeutic medicine for type 2 diabetes) on oxidative status in kidney of type 1 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups. Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Rats received chow diet and treated with either normal saline in control (N) and diabetic control (D) groups or different doses of metformin (Met) (300 or 500 mg/kg body weight) or curcumin (Cur) (50 or 150 mg/kg body weight) in N+Met300, N+Met500, N+Cur50, N+Cur150, D+Met300, D+Met500, D+Cur50, and D+Cur150 groups. Urinary creatinine, urea, and protein were measured. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were assessed in kidney tissues. Results: Both metformin and curcumin showed significant effects on urinary creatinine, urea, and protein levels (P value for all was <0.001). Unlike metformin, curcumin completely restored TAC and TOS (P<0.001), and MDA (P=0.012) in kidney tissues and significantly recovered the activities of SOD (P= 0.003), GPx (P< 0.001), and catalase (P=0.011). Conclusions: Curcumin was found more effective than metformin in attenuating oxidative status in DN.
Highlights
Since the importance of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has previously been established, the therapeutic effects of various natural antioxidant agents or synthetic drugs have so far been investigated
Beneficial effects of metformin have previously been shown on diabetes [7,18], there are still a number of studies questioning its protective efficiency against DN [27,28]
Due to the importance of oxidative stress in DN, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of metformin (300 or 500 mg/kg bw) and curcumin (50 or 150 mg/kg bw) on traditional markers of DN and markers of oxidative stress (TAC, total oxidant status (TOS), MDA and superoxide dismutase (SOD), GPX and catalase activity) in kidney tissue of type 1 diabetic rats
Summary
Since the importance of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has previously been established, the therapeutic effects of various natural antioxidant agents or synthetic drugs have so far been investigated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of curcumin (a natural polyphenol) and metformin (a common therapeutic medicine for type 2 diabetes) on oxidative status in kidney of type 1 diabetic rats. Redox equilibrium is altered due to the elevation of ROS production or inadequate antioxidant defence. These conditions result in the structural damages in DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins and yields to glomerular and tubular hypertrophy. The thickening of glomerular and tubular membranes leads to the cellular apoptosis or necrotic cell death and eventually leads to glomerular dysfunction characterized by albuminuria, proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubule-interstitial fibrosis [5]
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