Abstract
Many species of the genus Croton have been used for anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antitumor purposes. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a hydroethanolic extract (HEE) from the inner bark of Croton argyrophyllus (Euphorbiaceae) on muscle damage and oxidative stress in rats after high intensity exercise. The animals were divided into four groups: (i) the sedentary group (SV; n = 7), (ii) the exercise vehicle group (EV, n = 7), (iii) the sedentary group HEE (SHG; n = 7) composed of sedentary animals and treated with the hydroethanolic extract of C. argyrophyllus (200 mg/kg, v.o.), and (iv) the HEE exercise group (HEE; n = 7) composed of animals submitted to resistance exercise (RE) and treated with the hydroethanolic extract of C. argyrophyllus (200 mg/kg, v.o.). In the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, the HEE showed lower values of inhibition potential (IP%) at 39.79% compared to gallic acid, 87.61%, and lipoperoxidation inhibition at 27.4% (100 µg/mL) or 28.6% (200 µg/mL) (p < 0.001). There was inhibition in free radicals in vivo. The HEE of C. argyrophyllus partially reduced the biomarkers of oxidative stress in muscle tissue and muscular damage (creatine kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)) (p < 0.05) in rats, and in this sense it can be an aid to the recovery process after exhaustive efforts.
Highlights
Resistance exercise (RE) is characterized as a physical activity involving voluntary actions of the skeletal muscle in a given body segment against an external resistance [1]
The chromatographic analysis serves to show the complexity of the compound, which allows us to evaluate the purity of the sample; it was recorded from 250 to 350 nm using LC-PAD, and gives us an indication of the presence of the phenolic compounds
Supplementation with extracts rich in antioxidant compounds can exert greater cellular resistance against oxidative stress [34], increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, or stabilize the free radicals generated. Regardless of whether it is a complex sample in which the predominant compounds are not fully identified, chromatographic analysis has pointed to the presence of flavonoids, the hydroethanolic extract (HEE)
Summary
Resistance exercise (RE) is characterized as a physical activity involving voluntary actions of the skeletal muscle in a given body segment against an external resistance [1]. The execution of high intensity or exhaustive RE can result in injuries and chronic fatigue in part due to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous antioxidant activity [2]. It is established that optimal production of ROS is important to induce muscle contraction, high concentrations of ROS accelerate the process of exercise-induced muscle fatigue [3,4]. Exhaustive exercise sessions lead to an imbalance between the antioxidant system and the free radicals formed during the oxidative metabolism due to ischemia-reperfusion during each set of cyclical contractions [5]. Oxidative stress can cause damage to cell structures and macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which result in a loss of physical performance and muscle injuries [2,5,6]
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