Does combining Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) with Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) enhance predation of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae)?

Abstract

A good knowledge of interactions between natural enemy species is necessary for effective implementation of biological control programmes. This laboratory study aimed at assessing the outcome of intraguild interactions between two generalist predators frequently observed in the colonies of the rosy apple aphid (RAA), Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The level of complementarity between these two species was estimated by the comparison of their individual and combined predation on RAA. Predation by 1st (H1) to 4th (H4) instar larvae of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and 3rd (F3) and 4th (F4) instar nymphs of Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) was evaluated for 24 h in Petri dishes using seven different densities (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200) of 3rd instar nymphs of RAA. Both predator species were more voracious as their age increased. The satiation level, i.e. the highest number of consumed RAA, reached on average of 17.8, 36.3, 49.4, 79.6, 62.9 and 84.3 aphids per day for H1, H2, H3, H4, F3 and F4, respectively. In the combined treatments, there was little evidence of intraguild predation. Only 2.9% of H1 and H2 died or disappeared at low RAA densities (≤25 aphids). At the non-limiting RAA density of 200, we observed a slight agonistic interaction with 7.9% less RAA consumption when the two predators were in the same arena than the sum of their individual consumptions. However, this effect was very small and was largely outweighed by the benefits of using these two predators in combination to increase prey consumption. For the other six RAA densities, predators in combination consumed a high proportion (>90%) of RAA. Our results point to the use of combinations of these two predator species, especially of their oldest instars, as promising aphidophagous candidates in early spring against RAA.