Abstract
BackgroundAnnually, more than 1.2 million deaths due to road traffic accidents occur worldwide. Although previous studies have examined the association between cigarette smoking and injury death, the mortality outcome often included non-traffic accident-related deaths. This study aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking and traffic accident death.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study conducted from 1993 through 2013. The cohort included 97,078 adults (33,138 men and 63,940 women) living in Ibaraki Prefecture who were aged 40–79 years at an annual health checkup in 1993. We divided participants into four smoking status groups: non-smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers who smoked <20 and ≥20 cigarettes per day. Hazard ratios (HRs) of traffic accident death were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDuring 20 years of follow-up, the average person-years of follow-up were 16.8 and 18.2 in men and women, respectively. Among men, after adjusting for age and alcohol intake, HRs for traffic accident death among current smokers of <20 cigarettes/day and ≥20 cigarettes/day compared to non-smokers were 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–2.20) and 1.54 (95% CI, 0.99–2.39), respectively. In contrast, among women, we found no association between smoking status and traffic accident deaths.ConclusionIn this prospective cohort study, we found a positive association, though marginally significant, between smoking and traffic accident death among men in Japan. Among women, because of the smaller number of deaths among smokers, adequate estimation could not be obtained.
Highlights
Every year, more than 1.2 million people die and 50 million people are injured due to road traffic accidents worldwide.[1]
After adjustment for age and alcohol intake, compared to non-smokers, Hazard ratios (HRs) in current smokers of
Among women, we found no association between smoking status and traffic accident deaths
Summary
More than 1.2 million people die and 50 million people are injured due to road traffic accidents worldwide.[1] Road traffic accidents are the main cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years.[1] Traffic accident injuries deteriorate quality of life and disability-adjusted life years.[2,3] Economic loss caused by road traffic accidents is quite high, accounting for about 3% of the total gross domestic product of all countries worldwide.[1] many road traffic policies have been implemented to prevent traffic accidents, there have, been a lot of traffic accidents in the world.[2] The Sustainable. More than 1.2 million deaths due to road traffic accidents occur worldwide. Previous studies have examined the association between cigarette smoking and injury death, the mortality outcome often included non-traffic accident-related deaths. This study aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking and traffic accident death
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