Does B-type Natriuretic Peptide or Its Gene Polymorphism Predict Patient Outcome after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery?

Abstract

We read with great interest the research article by Fox et al. 1on genetic variation within defined regions of the NPPA /NPPB and NPR3 natriuretic peptide system genes as predictors for ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. What concerns us as clinicians is the relation between those biomarkers and postoperative outcome, which can facilitate the preoperative risk evaluation. This article raised a good question: whether B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or its gene polymorphism predicts the prognosis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.It is well known that a gene's function is mediated by expression of a specific protein. BNP has been established as a prognostic indicator in adults with congestive heart failure2and coronary artery disease,3whereas single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPPB gene significantly impact BNP levels.4In the article by Dr. Fox et al. , there was mention that genetic variation within NPPA /NPPB and NPR3 genes was associated with risk of ventricular dysfunction after adjustment for preoperative BNP level and clinical factors. However, the authors did not directly analyze the relation between SNPs of these BNP genes with BNP level, especially postoperative BNP, whose level was not provided. Previous study has shown that early postoperative BNP levels correlate significantly with the ensuing duration of inotropic support and duration of hospitalization.5Therefore, we considered that SNPs of BNP genes could affect postoperative BNP rather than preoperative BNP and then predicted the prognosis, because expression of those genetic loci could be up- or down-regulated by mechanical stretch, ischemic injury, hypoxia, or even inflammatory mediators during surgery.6And the analysis should include both preoperative and postoperative BNP levels in this study.We think that the predictive pathway should be: SNPs of BNP–BNP level–clinical prognosis. If this hypothesis is established, it is postoperative BNP rather than SNPs of BNP that directly predicts ventricular dysfunction. Further investigations are still required to elucidate how BNP and its SNPs relate to development of postoperative ventricular dysfunction.*West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. benbinliu@hotmail.com