Does Bordetella pertussis vaccine offer any cross-protection against Bordetella bronchiseptica? Implications for pet owners with cystic fibrosis.

Abstract

The Gram-negative bacterium, Bordetella bronchiseptica, causes lower airway respiratory disease in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), as well as in companion animals, especially dogs. Presently, there are several acellular vaccines available for B.pertussis but no vaccine available for B.bronchiseptica. However given the shared protein homology between these two closely related species, we wished to explore whether pertussis vaccines may offer some cross-protection against B.bronchiseptica. Bordetella pertussis and B.bronchiseptica are closely related phylogenetically, as well as sharing protein homology in several pertussis vaccine components, including (i) pertussis toxin (PT), (ii) filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), (iii) pertactin and (iv) fimbriae (types 2 and 3). Given that pertussis vaccine contains cross-reactive antigens with B.bronchiseptica, licensed pertussis vaccines may therefore offer cross-protection against B.bronchiseptica. Cystic fibrosis pet owners should ensure that they have an up-to-date vaccination record relating to their pertussis vaccine. Although no monovalent human pertussis vaccines are currently available, licensed non-live booster vaccines for B.pertussis are available for individuals in the age range >10years old. People with CF should ensure that they are adequately and currently protected against pertussis, to avoid whooping cough, which may also offer some cross-protection against B.bronchiseptica and therefore help further mitigate the risk of zoonotic infection of this organism from pets to their owners.