Abstract
IntroductionIn this study, Anzer propolis, which can only be obtained from the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey, is studied for its effect on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury.MethodsA total of 12 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits with an average weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg were separated into two blind and randomized groups: the ischemia/reperfusion group (n=6) and the treatment group (n=6). Each rabbit in the treatment group was given a dose of 100 mg/kg of ethanol-dissolved Anzer propolis orally 1 hour before surgery. Blood samples were examined at the 0th hour and postoperatively at the 24th and 48th hours. Tissue samples were taken at the 48th hour during the sacrification.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative Tarlov scoring (P=0.012). There was a difference between the two groups in terms of the blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at the 48th hour, myeloperoxidase (MPO) at the 24th and 48th hours, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) at the 24th hour, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and total oxidant status (TOS) at the 48th hour (P<0.005). There was also a difference between the two groups in terms of apoptotic index data obtained with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) method in the histopathological examination (P=0.001). In the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, while ischemia/reperfusion group generally had axon-myelin separation, axoplasmic dissolution and myelin separation, the propolis treatment group had normal myelin sequencing.DiscussionIn our study, after biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural and neurological functional examination, it was demonstrated that Anzer propolis has sufficient neuroprotective effect on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits.
Highlights
In this study, Anzer propolis, which can only be obtained from the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey, is studied for its effect on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury
The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of Anzer propolis, which can only be obtained from the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey, on histopathological changes in the spinal cord after ischemia/reperfusion injury, electron microscopic analysis, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and clinical improvement
After the 48th hour after the procedure, a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms ofTarlov score (P=0.012).The clinical observations we made in our study are confirmed by spinal histology
Summary
Anzer propolis, which can only be obtained from the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey, is studied for its effect on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Spinal cord injury occurs due to ischemia/reperfusion damage created by cross-clamp during the surgical procedure. Secondary damage, which includes some pathophysiological changes, such as ischemia, ion infiltration, production of oxygen radicals, and lipid peroxidation, occurs in hours and days[3,4,5]. Reperfusion that occurs especially after prolonged ischemia paradoxically causes tissue damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the secondary injury caused by reperfusion[6]. For this reason, various drugs or chemicals have been used to prevent ROS formation in ischemia/reperfusion injury in different tissues, including the spinal cord[7]
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