Abstract
Osteoporosis and allergic diseases are important causes of morbidity, and traditionally their coexistence has been attributed to causality, to independent processes, and they were considered unrelated. However, the increasing knowledge in the field of osteoimmunology and an increasing number of epidemiological and biological studies have provided support to a correlation between bone and allergy that share pathways, cells, cytokines and mediators. If the link between allergic pathology and bone alterations appears more subtle, there are conditions such as mastocytosis and hypereosinophilic or hyper-IgE syndromes characterized by the proliferation of cells or hyper-production of molecules that play a key role in allergies, in which this link is at least clinically more evident, and the diseases are accompanied by frank skeletal involvement, offering multiple speculation cues. The pathophysiological connection of allergy and osteoporosis is currently an intriguing area of research. The aim of this review is to summarize and bring together the current knowledge and pursue an opportunity to stimulate further investigation.
Highlights
Osteoporosis and allergies are diseases with a high prevalence in the general population and they represent both a major problem of public health [1,2,3,4]
We have summarized and discussed the many factors that link allergies and bone metabolism to give an updated report on this topic (Figure 2)
If the clinical correlation between proliferative pathologies such as mastocytosis or hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome and skeletal pathology is historically known, the most recent epidemiological data confirm a link between osteoporosis and pollen-allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, milk allergy
Summary
Osteoporosis and allergies are diseases with a high prevalence in the general population and they represent both a major problem of public health [1,2,3,4]. The possible negative actions of therapies commonly used is not the only relationship between allergy and bone. Available data confirm a strict connection between bone and allergy, and we suggest paying additional attention to bone loss in allergic patients. Research in this field is growing and the results are very encouraging and fruitful: studies on allergy and osteoporosis are becoming very intriguing. We discuss and try to shed light on the possible interactions of immune and bone systems in the allergic-mediated diseases. A variety of functions and molecules, such as transcription factors, chemokines, cytokines, and signaling molecules, are shared by bone and immune systems.
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